![]() Havelock, who referred to oral verse as “ instrument of a cultural indoctrination, the ultimate purpose of which was the preservation of group identity” (49). Oral poetry, perhaps even more so than the written word, shows a clear picture of the expectations and values of a culture Plato, in theorizing his Utopia, proposed to ban all storytellers, as he felt they influenced society too greatly (Osborn 49). Thus begins the Old English poem Beowulf, which offers one of the few remaining glimpses of Anglo-Saxon culture. ![]() We have heard of those princes’ heroic campaigns” (ll. The Spear-Danes in days gone by / and the kings who ruled them had courage and greatness. “ Hwæt wē Gār-Dena in geār-dagum / þēod-cyninga þrym gefrūnon, / hū ðā æþelingas ellen fremedon” translates to “So. Awards in the Public Humanities: Research & Engagement (2022-2023). ![]()
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